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UAP Catalogue & Comparison

Every distinct UAP form-factor across this archive — organised as a card grid plus a side-by-side attribute matrix. Each entry links back to the cases and AARO releases that describe it.

UFO — Aerial unidentified objects

Unidentified objects observed in the air.

Flying disc / saucer

disc-saucer

The original 'flying saucer' archetype: a flat disc, often with a transparent or metallic dome, capable of silent low-altitude transit and abrupt direction changes. The form-factor that gave the FBI's 1947–80s master file 62-HQ-83894 its name.

Visual features

  • Flat disc / saucer
  • Crystal-type dome (in some)
  • Reflective metallic surface

Behaviour

  • Silent transit
  • Multi-direction sightings same night
  • Sometimes paired with reflective lights

Metallic-bronze cigar

cigar-metallic

Long cylindrical body with a brilliant diamond-white light at one end, metallic bronze coloration, and the length of two-to-three Blackhawk helicopters lined up nose-to-tail. Hovers briefly then drifts laterally, completely silent.

Visual features

  • Cigar / cylindrical
  • Single bright eastern end-light
  • Metallic bronze body

Behaviour

  • Hover then lateral drift
  • Vanishes within 5–10 s
  • No exhaust, no contrail

Linear / wing-less gray body

linear-gray

A linear, metallic-gray object passing parallel to the ground at ~5,000 ft AGL with a bright diamond-white light on one side. No wings, no exhaust. The light extinguishes; the object instantly vanishes against a clear sky.

Visual features

  • Thin linear body
  • No wings or exhaust
  • Bright eastern light

Behaviour

  • Constant size and brightness
  • Light extinguishes → object vanishes
  • Witness reported sleep disturbance afterwards

Large fiery orb

single-fiery-orb

A glowing orange orb estimated at 12–18 m in diameter, hovering motionless beside a rock formation at ~1,050 m. Witnesses likened it to 'the Eye of Sauron without the pupil'. Completely silent, suspended with zero apparent resistance.

Visual features

  • Glowing orange sphere
  • Possibly attached to terrain by a small spindle
  • No internal structure visible

Behaviour

  • Hover ~1 minute
  • Zero apparent resistance / movement
  • Silent

Orange 'mothership' launching red orbs

orb-mothership

Orange 'mother' orbs that briefly appear (1–2 s), launch groups of two-to-four red 'child' orbs (consensus: three), then disappear. The red orbs typically depart horizontally, sometimes angle upwards, occasionally swoop down. Cycle observed at least five times across two days.

Visual features

  • Orange parent + red children
  • Mother visible 1–2 s only
  • 3 red orbs typical

Behaviour

  • Sequential release pattern
  • Multi-team simultaneous observation
  • Red orbs travel horizontally / up / swoop down

Coordinated orb formations (flare-up / flare-down)

orb-coordinated-formation

Oval orange orbs with white-or-yellow centres that flare up sequentially in horizontal lines or triangular formations, persist 10–15 s, then flare down in reverse order. Several formations observed simultaneously by helicopter crew (NVG), naked-eye witness, and LP/OP (FLIR). Some orbs broke off to pursue military aircraft.

Visual features

  • Oval orbs with white / yellow centre
  • Horizontal and triangular formations
  • Synchronized flare-up / flare-down

Behaviour

  • Stationary while visible
  • Up to 4–5 in horizontal line, 3 in triangle
  • Some chase nearby aircraft

Swarm of bright objects (10×–20× UAPs)

swarm-syria

Two-ship F-16CM formation observed POSS 10X–20X UAPs — bright, fast-moving, west-to-east, NE of a restricted zone at FL265. Pilots could lock targeting pods on each for ~20 s before objects dimmed and disappeared. None in the formation patterns observed in earlier sorties; analyst comparison ruled out stars.

Visual features

  • 10–20 bright objects
  • TV-mode targeting pod visible ~20 s each
  • Quick maneuver

Behaviour

  • Move west to east
  • Disappear into background
  • Not in known formation

Dark kite / triangular wing

dark-kite-triangular

Initially mistaken for a vehicle on a road in a restricted zone (red + white lights, 2–3 ft above ground). On approach the object drifted laterally off the road at 15–20 mph without changing orientation, then appeared in NVGs as a thin horizontal line ~4 ft wide. AARO subsequently described it as triangular.

Visual features

  • Initial: red + white car-like lights
  • NVG: thin 4-ft horizontal line
  • AARO: triangular

Behaviour

  • Lateral 'zero-resistance' drift
  • Climbs while staying flat
  • Lights extinguish then reappear

Transparent kite (light-blocking)

transparent-kite

Kite-shaped object floating ~6 m off the ground, canted lower-right to upper-left. Through NVGs witnesses could 'vaguely see a bright star or two through it'; flashlight beam stopped at one point ~50 yards away on nothing in particular, then projected normally when moved off that spot.

Visual features

  • Kite outline, somewhat transparent
  • Lights match Dark Kite pattern
  • Found ~100 m from Dark Kite site

Behaviour

  • Drifts with wind
  • Briefly blocks flashlight beam at definite point
  • Vanishes; not reacquired

Diamond-shaped (SWIR-only)

diamond-swir

AARO PR28 (Greece, January 2024). UAP described as 'diamond-shaped' moving at ~434 knots; visible only in short-wave infrared, invisible to electro-optical and visible-light sensors. Inverted-teardrop body with vertical linear trailing mass below.

Visual features

  • Diamond / inverted teardrop
  • Vertical trailing mass
  • Only visible in SWIR

Behaviour

  • ~434 knots
  • Disappears against visible-spectrum background
  • SWIR Black-Hot did not reacquire

Eight-pointed star with alternating arms

eight-pointed-star

AARO PR38 (Middle East, 2013). Contrast area resembling an eight-pointed star with arms of alternating length, leaving a visible trail. Earliest IR-recorded entry in this dataset.

Visual features

  • Eight-pointed star
  • Arms of alternating length
  • Visible motion trail

Behaviour

  • Linear motion across frame
  • Apparent cut in footage
  • Reappears, exits at top-left

Football body with three radial projections

football-radial

AARO PR46 (INDOPACOM, 2024). Football-shaped main body with three radial projections — one vertical, two angled downward at 45° to the body's major axis.

Visual features

  • Football / oval body
  • Three radial projections
  • Distinct geometry

Behaviour

  • Held in centre of frame
  • 9-second observation
  • Geometry stable across runtime

Misshapen white-light ball with halo

white-light-halo

AARO PR31 / PR32 / PR33 (Syria, October 2024). 'Misshapen and uneven ball of white light' with a 'light/glare halo effect' at the top of the FMV feed. Three short clips (5–6 s) capture the same event from different timestamps.

Visual features

  • Misshapen white core
  • Halo / glare effect
  • Sometimes red-orange highlights

Behaviour

  • Brief horizontal traverse
  • Half-oval bisected along major axis (PR32)
  • Two transparent orange overlays (PR33)

USO — Submerged unidentified objects

Objects seen or sonar-tracked beneath the water, or entering and leaving it.

Submerged unidentified object (USO)

uso-submerged-object

Objects seen entering or leaving the water without debris, or tracked beneath the surface, moving at depths and speeds beyond any known submersible. Often reported near coastlines or naval exercises.

Visual features

  • Splashdown or emergence leaving no wreckage
  • Metallic or self-luminous body beneath the surface
  • Surface wake with no visible hull

Behaviour

  • Enters water without slowing
  • Out-dives and out-paces known submarines
  • Silent sonar contacts that abruptly vanish

Underwater fast-mover

uso-fast-mover

Sonar-tracked underwater contacts moving far faster than any known torpedo or submarine, sometimes shadowing or circling surface groups, with no cavitation signature.

Visual features

  • Sonar-only contact, rarely seen
  • No cavitation or propeller signature
  • Abrupt depth changes

Behaviour

  • Underwater speeds far above known limits
  • Right-angle turns at depth
  • Shadows naval groups then departs

ULO — Trans-medium & anomalous phenomena

Objects crossing air, water and space, plus anomalous light and orbital phenomena.

Rotating cislunar bright object

rotating-cislunar

Apollo 17 cislunar transit. Bright object at 10–12 Earth-diameters, rotating with a rhythmic two-flash pattern (one bright + one dim) for 24+ hours. Crew rejected the 'nearby particle' explanation via three-dimensional optical comparison.

Visual features

  • Bright distant object
  • Two-flash rotation pattern
  • 10–12 Earth-diameters away

Behaviour

  • 24+ hours observation
  • Crew used monocular for distance check
  • Mission Control suggested S-IVB; crew unconvinced

Lunar 'particles escaping the Moon'

lunar-particles

Apollo 12 LMP Alan Bean, observing the dark Quadrant 1 through the Alignment Optical Telescope, reported flashing particles streaming away from the Moon — 'they really haul out of here and just press off at the stars'. Mission Control logged simultaneous all-81s flashing on the AGS display.

Visual features

  • Flashing point lights
  • Streaming away from lunar surface
  • Multiple simultaneously

Behaviour

  • Velocity 'away from Moon'
  • Mission Control AGS pulsing every second
  • Bethpage testing reproduced display behaviour

High-G manoeuvring bright light with bow-wave

high-g-bow-wave

Tajik Air Boeing 747SP, 41,000 ft over Kazakhstan, January 1994. Three pilots observed a bright object closing from the eastern horizon and performing 90-degree turns / circles / corkscrews under high G for 40 minutes. Light had a 'bow-wave' resembling a high-speed photo of a bullet. Contrails seen at ~100,000 ft (impossible for ordinary aircraft). Captain Rhodes deemed it 'extraterrestrial and under intelligent control'.

Visual features

  • Bright light with 'bow wave'
  • Contrail-leaving at ~100,000 ft
  • 90-deg / corkscrew turns

Behaviour

  • 40-minute observation
  • Pilot photographs with Olympus camera
  • Pilot conclusion: extraterrestrial / intelligent control

Trans-medium object

ulo-transmedium

Objects that transition seamlessly between air and water (and, in some claims, space) with no change in propulsion — the modern 'Tic-Tac' archetype, corroborated across multiple sensors.

Visual features

  • Smooth, featureless body (e.g. Tic-Tac)
  • No wings, exhaust, or control surfaces
  • No visible propulsion

Behaviour

  • Air-to-water and water-to-air transit
  • Extreme acceleration and hovering
  • Multi-sensor corroboration

Anomalous light phenomenon

ulo-light-phenomenon

Recurring, often instrumented light phenomena that behave like neither aircraft nor ordinary plasma — splitting, hovering, pacing observers, or recurring at fixed sites (e.g. the Hessdalen lights).

Visual features

  • Self-luminous orbs or columns of light
  • Colour shifts (white–red–blue)
  • Silent

Behaviour

  • Hovering then darting
  • Splitting and merging
  • Recurring at specific locations

Comparison matrix

All UAP types side-by-side on a single table so you can quickly see which are silent, which are SWIR-only, which had multi-witness corroboration.

TypeShapeSizeLuminositySoundMotionDetected byWitnessesEra
Flying disc / saucerDiscsmall–mediumReflectiveSilentLinear, occasional dome-flashVisualCivilians, police1947 –
Metallic-bronze cigarCigar≈2–3 BlackhawksOne bright end-lightSilentHover → lateral driftVisual (multi-witness)Aerospace contractors2023
Linear / wing-less gray bodyLinear<737, >droneOne bright side-lightSilentLinear, then vanishVisualDrone pilot2023
Large fiery orbSphere12–18 mBright orangeSilentHover, zero-resistanceVisualFederal LE agents2026
Orange 'mothership' launching red orbsSpheres (2 sizes)Small (relative)Orange (parent) / red (children)SilentSpawn-and-disperseVisual (multi-team)USPER1–6 (federal LE)2026
Coordinated orb formations (flare-up / flare-down)Oval / sphericalMultipleOrange + bright centreSilentStationary in formationNVG + FLIR + naked eyeSenior intel officials2025
Swarm of bright objects (10×–20× UAPs)Bright pointsMultipleHighn/a (cockpit)Quick W→EF-16 targeting pod (TV)F-16CM aircrew2023
Dark kite / triangular wingKite / triangle≈4 ft (NVG width)Red + white pairSilentLateral / climbVisual + NVGFederal LE agents2026
Transparent kite (light-blocking)Kite≈6 m altitudeFaint, partially transparentSilentDrifts with windNaked eye + NVGUSPER5 / USPER62026
Diamond-shaped (SWIR-only)Diamond / teardropSWIR only≈434 ktSWIR onlyUSCENTCOM platform2024
Rotating cislunar bright objectPoint sourceBright + dim cyclen/a (vacuum)Rotation, no relative motionVisual + monocularApollo 17 crew1972
Lunar 'particles escaping the Moon'Point sourcesFlashingn/aOutbound from MoonAOT + visualApollo 12 crew1969
High-G manoeuvring bright light with bow-waveBright bow-waveExtremen/a (cockpit)90-deg high-G turnsVisual + photoThree commercial pilots1994
Eight-pointed star with alternating armsOctagonal / starIR contrastLinear with trailIRUSCENTCOM platform2013
Football body with three radial projectionsFootball + 3 prongsIR contrastCentred / staticIRUSINDOPACOM platform2024
Misshapen white-light ball with haloIrregular ball / overlayBright white + haloBrief horizontal passFMVUSCENTCOM platform2024
Submerged unidentified object (USO)Disc, sphere or cylinderMetres to tens of metresSometimes self-luminous underwaterSilentTrans-medium, high-speed diveSonar / visualNaval crews, divers, coastguardCold War – present
Underwater fast-moverStreamlined / indistinctMetresUsually none (sonar)SilentVery high underwater speedSonarSonar operatorsCold War – present
Trans-medium objectCapsule / ovoid~10–15 mUsually white / noneSilentTrans-medium, extreme-GRadar, IR, visualMilitary aircrew2000s – present
Anomalous light phenomenonOrb / column of lightSub-metre to tens of metresSelf-luminous, colour-shiftingSilentHover, dart, splitVisual, camera, magnetometerResidents, researchersHistorical – present